Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Sep. 30, 2017	Oct. 31, 2017
Document Documentand Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2017
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Trading Symbol	CAR
Entity Registrant Name	AVIS BUDGET GROUP, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0000723612
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		81,421,558

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Revenues
Vehicle rental	$ 1,949	$ 1,871	$ 4,798	$ 4,772
Other	803	785	2,031	2,008
Net revenues	2,752	2,656	6,829	6,780
Expenses
Operating	1,256	1,219	3,413	3,381
Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net	616	576	1,717	1,571
Selling, general and administrative	320	315	875	896
Vehicle interest, net	78	77	215	215
Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization	66	63	194	189
Interest expense	45	51	142	157
Early extinguishment of debt	0	0	3	10
Restructuring and other related charges	7	6	52	26
Transaction-related costs, net	0	4	8	13
Total expenses	2,388	2,311	6,619	6,458
Income before income taxes	364	345	210	322
Provision for income taxes	119	136	69	128
Net income	245	209	141	194
Comprehensive income	$ 279	$ 235	$ 251	$ 294
Earnings per share
Basic	$ 2.96	$ 2.32	$ 1.68	$ 2.07
Diluted	$ 2.91	$ 2.28	$ 1.65	$ 2.05

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 814	$ 490
Receivables, net	855	808
Other current assets	750	519
Total current assets	2,419	1,817
Property and equipment, net	693	685
Deferred income taxes	1,566	1,493
Goodwill	1,065	1,007
Other intangibles, net	863	870
Other non-current assets	182	193
Total assets exclusive of assets under vehicle programs	6,788	6,065
Assets under vehicle programs:
Program cash	180	225
Vehicles, net	11,801	10,464
Receivables from vehicle manufacturers and other	709	527
Investment in Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC—related party	395	362
Total assets under vehicle programs:	13,085	11,578
Total assets	19,873	17,643
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and other current liabilities	1,866	1,488
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	26	279
Total current liabilities	1,892	1,767
Long-term debt	3,565	3,244
Other non-current liabilities	760	764
Total liabilities exclusive of liabilities under vehicle programs	6,217	5,775
Liabilities under vehicle programs:
Debt	3,781	2,183
Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC—related party	6,785	6,695
Deferred income taxes	2,424	2,429
Other	265	340
Total Liabilities under vehicle programs	13,255	11,647
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 10 shares; none issued and outstanding, at each date	0	0
Common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 250 shares; issued 137 shares, at each date	1	1
Additional paid-in capital	6,862	6,918
Accumulated deficit	(1,442)	(1,639)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(44)	(154)
Treasury stock, at cost—55 and 51 shares, respectively	(4,976)	(4,905)
Total stockholders’ equity	401	221
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 19,873	$ 17,643

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares shares in Millions	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10	10
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	250	250
Common stock, shares issued	137	137
Treasury stock, shares	55	51

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Operating activities
Net income	$ 141	$ 194
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Vehicle depreciation	1,500	1,453
(Gain) loss on sale of vehicles, net	53	(15)
Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization	194	189
Stock-based compensation	8	21
Amortization of debt financing fees	25	29
Early extinguishment of debt	3	10
Net change in assets and liabilities:
Receivables	(112)	(149)
Income taxes and deferred income taxes	16	80
Accounts payable and other current liabilities	74	43
Other, net	139	256
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,041	2,111
Investing activities
Property and equipment additions	(138)	(125)
Proceeds received on asset sales	6	10
Net assets acquired (net of cash acquired)	(17)	(4)
Other, net	5	4
Net cash used in investing activities exclusive of vehicle programs	(144)	(115)
Vehicle programs:
Decrease in program cash	53	138
Investment in vehicles	(9,672)	(10,151)
Proceeds received on disposition of vehicles	6,872	7,373
Repayments of Related Party Debt	(33)	0
Net cash used in investing activities of vehicle programs	2,780	2,640
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,924)	(2,755)
Financing activities
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	589	896
Payments on long-term borrowings	(596)	(527)
Proceeds from (Repayments of) Short-term Debt	(3)	1
Repurchases of common stock	(144)	(299)
Debt financing fees	(9)	(15)
Other, net	0	0
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities exclusive of vehicle programs	(163)	56
Vehicle programs:
Proceeds from borrowings	14,276	11,879
Payments on borrowings	(12,930)	(10,752)
Debt financing fees	(8)	(20)
Net cash provided by financing activities of vehicle programs	1,338	1,107
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,175	1,163
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	32	14
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	324	533
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	490	452
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$ 814	$ 985

Basis of Presentation and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements (Detail)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Basis Of Presentation And Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Avis Budget Group, Inc. provides car and truck rentals, car sharing services and ancillary services to businesses and consumers worldwide. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements include the accounts and transactions of Avis Budget Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, as well as entities in which Avis Budget Group, Inc. directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest (collectively, the “Company”), and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial reporting.

The Company operates the following reportable business segments:


•	Americas—consisting primarily of (i) vehicle rental operations in North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean, (ii) car sharing operations in certain of these markets, and (iii) licensees in the areas in which the Company does not operate directly.


•	International—consisting primarily of (i) vehicle rental operations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australasia, (ii) car sharing operations in certain of these markets, and (iii) licensees in the areas in which the Company does not operate directly.

The operating results of acquired businesses are included in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements from the dates of acquisition. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the Company’s fourth quarter 2016 acquisition of FranceCars has not yet been finalized; however, there have been no significant changes to the preliminary allocation of the purchase price during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

In presenting the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and related disclosures. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. In management’s opinion, the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements contain all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of interim results reported. The results of operations reported for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the entire year or any subsequent interim period. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are fully described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2016.

Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior years’ Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have no impact on reported net income (see “Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements” below).

Vehicle Programs. The Company presents separately the financial data of its vehicle programs. These programs are distinct from the Company’s other activities since the assets under vehicle programs are generally funded through the issuance of debt that is collateralized by such assets. The income generated by these assets is used, in part, to repay the principal and interest associated with the debt. Cash inflows and outflows relating to the acquisition of such assets and the principal debt repayment or financing of such assets are classified as activities of the Company’s vehicle programs. The Company believes it is appropriate to segregate the financial data of its vehicle programs because, ultimately, the source of repayment of such debt is the realization of such assets.

Transaction-related costs, net. Transaction-related costs, net are classified separately in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income. These costs are comprised of expenses related to acquisition-related activities such as due diligence and other advisory costs, expenses related to the integration of the acquiree’s operations with those of the Company, including the implementation of best practices and process improvements, non-cash gains and losses related to re-acquired rights, expenses related to pre-acquisition contingencies and contingent consideration related to acquisitions.

Currency Transactions. The Company records the gain or loss on foreign-currency transactions on certain intercompany loans and the gain or loss on intercompany loan hedges within interest expense related to corporate debt, net. During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a $2 million gain and a $1 million loss, respectively and during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a $2 million gain and a $8 million loss, respectively, on such items.

Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2017, as a result of a new accounting pronouncement, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (”ASU”) 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, minimum statutory withholding requirements and classification in the statement of cash flows. Accordingly, in the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet at January 1, 2017, deferred income tax assets, net of the valuation allowance were increased by $56 million related to previously unrecognized excess tax benefits associated with equity awards, with a corresponding decrease to accumulated deficit, using the modified retrospective method. In addition, in the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, cash taxes paid related to shares directly withheld from employees for tax purposes of $10 million were reclassified from accounts payable and other current liabilities within net cash provided by operating activities to repurchases of common stock within net cash provided by financing activities exclusive of vehicle programs. The Company elected to account for forfeitures on an actual basis, which did not have a material impact on its Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting for Hedging Activities

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,” which amends the existing guidance to allow companies to more accurately present the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in the financial statements. ASU 2017-12 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this accounting pronouncement on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

Scope of Modification Accounting for Share-Based Payment Awards

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,” which provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting. ASU 2017-09 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Costs and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,” which requires an entity to disaggregate the components of net benefit cost recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. ASU 2017-07 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounting for Goodwill Impairment

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” which requires an entity to perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and to recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. ASU 2017-04 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Clarifying the Definition of a Business

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” which assists entities in evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions of assets or businesses. ASU 2017-01 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Restricted Cash

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash,” which clarifies guidance on the classification and presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement will impact the presentation of program cash in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which sets forth a current expected credit loss impairment model for financial assets that replaces the current incurred loss model. This model requires a financial asset (or group of financial assets), including trade receivables, measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected with an allowance for credit losses deducted from the amortized cost basis. The allowance for credit losses should reflect management’s current estimate of credit losses that are expected to occur over the remaining life of a financial asset. ASU 2016-13 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Financial Statements.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires a lessee to recognize all long-term leases on its balance sheet as a liability for its lease obligation, measured at the present value of lease payments not yet paid, and a corresponding asset representing its right to use the underlying asset over the lease term and expands disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. The ASU does not significantly change a lessee’s recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows. Additionally, ASU 2016-02 aligns key aspects of lessor accounting with the new revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (see below). ASU 2016-02 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach which includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. The Company is currently evaluating and planning for the implementation of this ASU, including assessing its overall impact, and expects most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption, which will materially increase total assets and total liabilities relative to such amounts prior to adoption. The Company has determined portions of its vehicle rental contracts that convey the right to control the use of identified assets are within the scope of the accounting guidance contained in ASU 2016-02. As discussed in Revenue from Contracts with Customers below, the Company’s vehicle rental revenues will be accounted for under the revenue accounting standard (“Topic 606”) effective January 1, 2018, until the adoption of this accounting pronouncement on January 1, 2019.

Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” which makes limited amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. The new standard amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which outlines a single model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance applies to all contracts with customers except for leases, insurance contracts, financial instruments, certain nonmonetary exchanges and certain guarantees. Also, additional disclosures are required about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. ASU 2014-09 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and may be adopted on either a full or modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating and planning for the implementation of this ASU and has determined it will adopt the requirements of the new standard on a modified retrospective basis using the practical expedient not to restate contracts that begin and end within the same prior fiscal year. The Company derives revenue primarily by providing vehicle rentals and ancillary products to customers and has determined this ASU will affect its presentation of vehicle rental and other revenue as the total transaction price for each vehicle rental contract will need to be allocated among performance obligations based on standalone selling price. ASU 2014-09 defines standalone selling price as the observable price of a good or service when sold separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. The Company has also determined this ASU will impact its accounting for its customer loyalty program and rebates. As discussed in Leases above, the Company’s vehicle rental revenues will be accounted for under Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018, until the adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019.

Restructuring

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Activities

Restructuring and Other Related Charges

Restructuring

During first quarter 2017, the Company initiated a strategic restructuring initiative to drive operational efficiency throughout the organization by reducing headcount, improving processes and consolidating functions, closing certain rental locations and decreasing the size of its fleet (the “T17”). During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as part of this initiative, the Company formally communicated the termination of employment to approximately 620 employees, and as of September 30, 2017, the Company had terminated the employment of approximately 595 of these employees. The costs associated with this initiative primarily represent severance, outplacement services and other costs associated with employee terminations, the majority of which have been or are expected to be settled in cash. The Company expects further restructuring expense of approximately $4 million related to this initiative to be incurred in fourth quarter 2017.

In conjunction with previous acquisitions, the Company identified opportunities to integrate and streamline its operations, primarily in Europe (the “Acquisition integration”). This initiative is substantially complete, and the Company does not anticipate any further restructuring expense related to this initiative.

In 2014, the Company committed to various strategic initiatives to identify best practices and drive efficiency throughout its organization, by reducing headcount, improving processes and consolidating functions (the “T15”). The Company does not anticipate any further restructuring expense related to this initiative.

The following tables summarize the changes to our restructuring-related liabilities and identify the amounts recorded within the Company’s reporting segments for restructuring charges and corresponding payments and utilizations:



					Americas			International			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2017					$	1		$	5		$	6
	Restructuring expense:
	T17				24			7			31
	Restructuring payment/utilization:
	T17				(23		)	(7		)	(30		)
	T15				(1		)	(2		)	(3		)
	Acquisition integration				—			(1		)	(1		)
Balance as of September 30, 2017					$	1		$	2		$	3

		Personnel Related			Facility Related			Other ^(a)			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2017		$	5		$	1		$	—		$	6
	Restructuring expense:
	T17	17			—			14			31
	Restructuring payment/utilization:
	T17	(15		)	(1		)	(14		)	(30		)
	T15	(3		)	—			—			(3		)
	Acquisition integration	(1		)	—			—			(1		)
Balance as of September 30, 2017		$	3		$	—		$	—		$	3

__________


^(a)	Includes expenses primarily related to the disposition of vehicles.

Other Related Charges

Officer Separation Costs

On May 12, 2017, the Company announced the resignation of David B. Wyshner as the Company’s President and Chief Financial Officer. In connection with Mr. Wyshner’s departure, the Company recorded other related charges of $7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, inclusive of accelerated stock-based compensation expense of $2 million.

Limited Voluntary Opportunity Plan (“LVOP”)

During second quarter 2017, the Company decided to offer a voluntary termination program to certain employees in the Americas’ field operations, shared services, and general and administrative functions for a limited time. These employees, if qualified, can elect resignation from employment in return for enhanced severance benefits to be settled in cash. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded other related charges of $14 million in connection with the LVOP. Approximately 325 qualified employees elected to participate in the plan, and as of September 30, 2017, the Company had terminated the employment of approximately 255 of these participants.

Earnings Per Share Earnings Per Share (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) (shares in millions):



		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2017		2016		2017		2016
Net income for basic and diluted EPS		$	245	$	209	$	141	$	194

Basic weighted average shares outstanding		82.6		90.4		84.1		93.5
Options and non-vested stock ^(a)		1.4		1.4		1.4		1.3
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		84.0		91.8		85.5		94.8

Earnings per share:
	Basic	$	2.96	$	2.32	$	1.68	$	2.07
	Diluted	$	2.91	$	2.28	$	1.65	$	2.05

__________

^(a)

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, 0.7 million and 0.2 million non-vested stock awards, respectively, have an anti-dilutive effect and therefore are excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, 0.8 million and 0.2 million non-vested stock awards, respectively, have an anti-dilutive effect and therefore are excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding.

Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of:



	As of September 30, 2017						As of December 31, 2016
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortized Intangible Assets
License agreements	$	279	$	133	$	146	$	261	$	109	$	152
Customer relationships	240		113		127		224		90		134
Other	50		15		35		46		12		34
Total	$	569	$	261	$	308	$	531	$	211	$	320

Unamortized Intangible Assets
Goodwill ^(a)	$	1,065					$	1,007
Trademarks	$	555					$	550

_________


^(a)	The increase in the carrying amount since December 31, 2016 primarily reflects currency translation.

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets was approximately $17 million and $15 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets was approximately $48 million in each period. Based on the Company’s amortizable intangible assets at September 30, 2017, the Company expects amortization expense of approximately $14 million for the remainder of 2017, $47 million for 2018, $41 million for 2019, $40 million for 2020, $30 million for 2021 and $24 million for 2022, excluding effects of currency exchange rates.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

+ References + Details

Vehicle Rental Activities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Vehicle Rental Activities [Abstract]

Vehicle Rental Activities

The components of vehicles, net within assets under vehicle programs were as follows:



	As of			As of
	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Rental vehicles	$	12,993		$	10,937
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(1,627		)	(1,454		)
	11,366			9,483
Vehicles held for sale	435			981
Vehicles, net	$	11,801		$	10,464

The components of vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net are summarized below:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Depreciation expense	$	547	$	523		$	1,500	$	1,453
Lease charges	67		57			164		133
(Gain) loss on sale of vehicles, net	2		(4		)	53		(15		)
Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net	$	616	$	576		$	1,717	$	1,571

At September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company had payables related to vehicle purchases included in liabilities under vehicle programs - other of $231 million and $164 million, respectively, and receivables related to vehicle sales included in assets under vehicle programs - receivables from vehicle manufacturers and other of $707 million and $586 million, respectively.

Income Taxes Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Income Taxes Income Taxes	Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]	Income Taxes The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is a provision of 32.9%. Such rate differed from the Federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to foreign taxes as a result of the mix of the Company’s earnings between the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was a provision of 39.8%. Such rate differed from the Federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to state and foreign income taxes.

Accounts Payable and Other Current Liabilities (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounts Payable and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]

Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities, and Other Liabilities Disclosure, Current [Text Block]

Accounts Payable and Other Current Liabilities

Accounts payable and other current liabilities consisted of:



	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
Accounts payable	$	426	$	343
Accrued sales and use taxes	329		206
Accrued payroll and related	172		173
Deferred revenue – current	154		114
Public liability and property damage insurance liabilities – current	141		141
Accrued commissions	126		86
Other	518		425
Accounts payable and other current liabilities	$	1,866	$	1,488

Long-term Debt and Borrowing Arrangements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-term Debt and Borrowing Arrangements

Long-term Corporate Debt and Borrowing Arrangements

Long-term and other borrowing arrangements consisted of:



		As of			As of
	Maturity Dates	September 30,			December 31,
	Maturity Dates	2017			2016
Floating Rate Senior Notes	December 2017	$	—		$	249
Floating Rate Term Loan	March 2019	—			144
6% euro-denominated Senior Notes	March 2021	—			194
Floating Rate Term Loan ^(a)	March 2022	1,139			816
5⅛% Senior Notes	June 2022	400			400
5½% Senior Notes	April 2023	675			675
6⅜% Senior Notes	April 2024	350			350
4⅛% euro-denominated Senior Notes	November 2024	354			316
5¼% Senior Notes	March 2025	375			375
4½% euro-denominated Senior Notes	May 2025	295			—
Other ^(b)		51			57
Deferred financing fees		(48		)	(53		)
Total		3,591			3,523
Less: Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt		26			279
Long-term debt		$	3,565		$	3,244

__________

^(a)

The floating rate term loan is part of the Company’s senior credit facility, which is secured by pledges of capital stock of certain subsidiaries of the Company, and liens on substantially all of the Company’s intellectual property and certain other real and personal property. As of September 30, 2017, the floating rate term loan due 2022 bears interest at three-month LIBOR plus 200 basis points, for an aggregate rate of 3.34%. The Company has entered into a swap to hedge $700 million of its interest rate exposure related to the floating rate term loan at an aggregate rate of 3.75%.


^(b)	Primarily includes capital leases which are secured by liens on the related assets.

In March 2017, the Company issued €250 million of 4½% euro-denominated Senior Notes due 2025, at par. In April 2017, the Company used the net proceeds from the offering to redeem its outstanding €175 million principal amount of 6% euro-denominated Senior Notes due 2021 for €180 million plus accrued interest. In June 2017, the Company used the remaining proceeds to redeem a portion of its Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2017.

In March 2017, the Company increased its Floating Rate Term Loan due 2022 to $1.1 billion and reduced the loan interest rate to three-month LIBOR plus 2.00%. The Company used the incremental term loan proceeds to repay all of its outstanding Floating Rate Term Loan due 2019. In June 2017, the Company used the remaining proceeds to redeem the remainder of its outstanding Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2017.

Committed Credit Facilities and Available Funding Arrangements

At September 30, 2017, the committed corporate credit facilities available to the Company and/or its subsidiaries were as follows:



	Total Capacity		Outstanding Borrowings		Letters of Credit Issued		Available Capacity
Senior revolving credit facility maturing 2021 ^(a)	$	1,800	$	—	$	1,058	$	742
Other facilities^(b)	3		3		—		—

__________


^(a)	The senior revolving credit facility bears interest at one-month LIBOR plus 200 basis points and is part of the Company’s senior credit facility, which is secured by pledges of capital stock of certain subsidiaries of the Company, and liens on substantially all of the Company’s intellectual property and certain other real and personal property.


^(b)	These facilities encompass bank overdraft lines of credit, bearing interest of 3.10% to 3.18% as of September 30, 2017.

At September 30, 2017, the Company had various uncommitted credit facilities available, under which it had drawn approximately $2 million, which bear interest at rates between 0.74% and 4.50%.

Debt Covenants

The agreements governing the Company’s indebtedness contain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on dividends paid to the Company by certain of its subsidiaries, the incurrence of additional indebtedness by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, acquisitions, mergers, liquidations, and sale and leaseback transactions. The Company’s senior credit facility also contains a maximum leverage ratio requirement. As of September 30, 2017, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants governing its indebtedness.

Debt Under Vehicle Programs and Borrowing Arrangements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Under Vehicle Programs and Borrowing Arrangements

Debt under vehicle programs, including related party debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC (“Avis Budget Rental Car Funding”), consisted of:



	As of			As of
	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Americas - Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding ^(a)	$	6,816		$	6,733
Americas - Debt borrowings ^(a)	947			577
International - Debt borrowings ^(a)	2,684			1,449
International - Capital leases	159			162
Other	1			7
Deferred financing fees ^(b)	(41		)	(50		)
Total	$	10,566		$	8,878

__________


^(a)	The increase reflects additional borrowings principally to fund increases in the Company’s car rental fleet.


^(b)	Deferred financing fees related to Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were $31 million and $38 million, respectively.

In March 2017, the Company’s Avis Budget Rental Car Funding subsidiary issued approximately $600 million in asset-backed notes with an expected final payment date of September 2022. The weighted average interest rate was 3%. The Company used the proceeds from these borrowings to fund the repayment of maturing vehicle-backed debt and the acquisition of rental cars in the United States.

In May 2017, the Company increased its capacity under the European rental fleet securitization program by €250 million. The Company used the proceeds to finance fleet purchases for certain of the Company’s European operations.

Debt Maturities

The following table provides the contractual maturities of the Company’s debt under vehicle programs, including related party debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding, at September 30, 2017.



	Debt under Vehicle Programs
Within 1 year ^(a)	$	1,868
Between 1 and 2 years	4,751
Between 2 and 3 years	1,908
Between 3 and 4 years	1,143
Between 4 and 5 years	800
Thereafter	137
Total	$	10,607

__________


^(a)	Vehicle-backed debt maturing within one year primarily represents term asset-backed securities.

Committed Credit Facilities and Available Funding Arrangements

As of September 30, 2017, available funding under the Company’s vehicle programs, including related party debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding, consisted of:



	Total Capacity ^(a)		Outstanding Borrowings		Available Capacity
Americas - Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding ^(b)	$	9,106	$	6,816	$	2,290
Americas - Debt borrowings ^(c)	974		947		27
International - Debt borrowings ^(d)	2,897		2,684		213
International - Capital leases ^(e)	189		159		30
Other	1		1		—
Total	$	13,167	$	10,607	$	2,560

__________


^(a)	Capacity is subject to maintaining sufficient assets to collateralize debt.


^(b)	The outstanding debt is collateralized by approximately $8.4 billion of underlying vehicles and related assets.


^(c)	The outstanding debt is collateralized by approximately $1.3 billion of underlying vehicles and related assets.


^(d)	The outstanding debt is collateralized by approximately $3.1 billion of underlying vehicles and related assets.


^(e)	The outstanding debt is collateralized by approximately $0.2 billion of underlying vehicles and related assets.

Debt Covenants

The agreements under the Company’s vehicle-backed funding programs contain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on dividends paid to the Company by certain of its subsidiaries and restrictions on indebtedness, mergers, liens, liquidations, and sale and leaseback transactions and in some cases also require compliance with certain financial requirements. As of September 30, 2017, the Company is not aware of any instances of non-compliance with any of the financial covenants contained in the debt agreements under its vehicle-backed funding programs.

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Sep. 30, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Contingencies In 2006, the Company completed the spin-offs of its Realogy and Wyndham subsidiaries. The Company does not believe that the impact of any resolution of pre-existing contingent liabilities in connection with the spin-offs should result in a material liability to the Company in relation to its consolidated financial position or liquidity, as Realogy and Wyndham each have agreed to assume responsibility for these liabilities. The Company is also named in litigation that is primarily related to the businesses of its former subsidiaries, including Realogy and Wyndham. The Company is entitled to indemnification from such entities for any liability resulting from such litigation. In February 2015, the French Competition Authority issued a statement of objections alleging that several car rental companies, including the Company and two of its European subsidiaries, engaged with (i) twelve French airports, the majority of which are controlled by public administrative bodies or the French state, and violated competition law through the distribution by airports of company-specific statistics to car rental companies operating at those airports and (ii) two other international car rental companies in a concerted practice relating to train station surcharges. In February 2017, the Company was notified that the French Competition Authority dismissed the charges and cleared the Company and its subsidiaries of any wrongdoing. In February 2017, following a state court trial in Georgia, a jury found the Company liable for damages in a case brought by a plaintiff who was injured in a vehicle accident allegedly caused by an employee of an independent contractor of the Company who was acting outside of the scope of employment. In March 2017, the Company was also found liable for damages in a companion case arising from the same incident. The Company considers the attribution of liability to the Company, and the amount of damages awarded, to be unsupported by the facts of these cases and intends to appeal the verdicts. The Company has recognized a liability for the expected loss related to these cases, net of recoverable insurance proceeds, of approximately $12 million. The Company is involved in claims, legal proceedings and governmental inquiries related, among other things, to its vehicle rental operations, including contract and licensee disputes, competition matters, employment matters, insurance and liability claims, intellectual property claims, business practice disputes and other regulatory, environmental, commercial and tax matters. Litigation is inherently unpredictable and, although the Company believes that its accruals are adequate and/or that it has valid defenses in these matters, unfavorable resolutions could occur. The Company estimates that the potential exposure resulting from adverse outcomes of legal proceedings in which it is reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred could, in the aggregate, be up to approximately $50 million in excess of amounts accrued as of September 30, 2017; however, the Company does not believe that the impact should result in a material liability to the Company in relation to its consolidated financial condition or results of operations. Commitments to Purchase Vehicles The Company maintains agreements with vehicle manufacturers under which the Company has agreed to purchase approximately $6.1 billion of vehicles from manufacturers over the next 12 months financed primarily through the issuance of vehicle-backed debt and cash received upon the disposition of vehicles. Certain of these commitments are subject to the vehicle manufacturers’ satisfying their obligations under their respective repurchase and guaranteed depreciation agreements. Concentrations Concentrations of credit risk at September 30, 2017 include (i) risks related to the Company’s repurchase and guaranteed depreciation agreements with domestic and foreign car manufacturers, including Ford, General Motors and Chrysler, and primarily with respect to receivables for program cars that have been disposed but for which the Company has not yet received payment from the manufacturers and (ii) risks related to Realogy and Wyndham, including receivables of $30 million and $19 million, respectively, related to certain contingent, income tax and other corporate liabilities assumed by Realogy and Wyndham in connection with their disposition.

Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholder Rights Plan

In January 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the adoption of a short-term stockholder rights plan, with an expiration date in January 2018. Effective May 3, 2017, the Company terminated the rights plan. Pursuant to the rights plan, the Company declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right for each outstanding share of common stock, payable to holders of record as of the close of business on February 2, 2017. Each right, which was exercisable only in the event any person or group were to acquire a voting or economic position of 10% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock (with certain limited exceptions), would have entitled any holder other than the person or group whose ownership position had exceeded the ownership limit to purchase common stock having a value equal to twice the $90 exercise price of the right, or, at the election of the Board of Directors, to exchange each right for one share of common stock (subject to adjustment). On May 3, 2017, the Company also entered into a new cooperation agreement with SRS Investment Management LLC and certain of its affiliates.

Share Repurchases

The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $1.5 billion of its common stock under a plan originally approved in 2013 and subsequently expanded, most recently in 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repurchased approximately 4.2 million shares of common stock at a cost of approximately $127 million under the program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company repurchased approximately 9.5 million shares of common stock at a cost of approximately $290 million under the program. As of September 30, 2017, approximately $174 million of authorization remains available to repurchase common stock under this plan.

Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting stockholders’ equity that, under GAAP, are excluded from net income.

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:



		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2017		2016		2017		2016
Net income		$	245	$	209	$	141	$	194
Other comprehensive income (loss):
	Currency translation adjustments (net of tax of $9, $3, $29 and $7, respectively)	32		20		105		100
	Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities (net of tax of $(1), $0, $(1), $0, respectively)	—		1		1		1
	Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $(1), $(3), $0 and $2, respectively)	1		4		—		(4		)
	Minimum pension liability adjustment (net of tax of $(1), $0, $(2) and $(1), respectively)	1		1		4		3
		34		26		110		100
Comprehensive income		$	279	$	235	$	251	$	294

__________

Currency translation adjustments exclude income taxes related to indefinite investments in foreign subsidiaries.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:



		Currency Translation Adjustments			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges^(a)			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for Sale Securities^(b)		Minimum Pension Liability Adjustment^(c)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance, January 1, 2017		$	(39	)	$	2		$	1	$	(118	)	$	(154	)
	Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	105			(2		)	1		—			104
	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—			2			—		4			6
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		105			—			1		4			110
Balance, September 30, 2017		$	66		$	2		$	2	$	(114	)	$	(44	)

Balance, January 1, 2016		$	(80	)	$	(2	)	$	—	$	(65	)	$	(147	)
	Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	100			(7		)	—		—			93
	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—			3			1		3			7
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		100			(4		)	1		3			100
Balance, September 30, 2016		$	20		$	(6	)	$	1	$	(62	)	$	(47	)

__________

All components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are net of tax, except currency translation adjustments, which exclude income taxes related to indefinite investments in foreign subsidiaries and include a $39 million gain, net of tax, as of September 30, 2017 related to the Company’s hedge of its net investment in euro-denominated foreign operations (see Note 14 - Financial Instruments).

^(a)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into corporate interest expense were $1 million ($1 million, net of tax) and $3 million ($2 million, net of tax), respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into corporate interest expense were $2 million ($1 million, net of tax) and $6 million ($3 million, net of tax), respectively.


^(b)	For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into operating expenses were $1 million ($1 million, net of tax) in each period.

^(c)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into selling, general and administrative expenses were $2 million ($1 million, net of tax) and $6 million ($4 million, net of tax), respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into selling, general and administrative expenses were $1 million ($1 million, net of tax) and $4 million ($3 million, net of tax), respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $1 million and $7 million ($1 million and $5 million, net of tax) during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $6 million and $21 million ($4 million and $14 million, net of tax) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the fair value of stock unit awards containing a market condition. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company did not issue any stock unit awards containing a market condition. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company’s weighted average assumptions for expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, valuation period and dividend yield were 46%, 0.98%, 3 years, and 0.0%, respectively.

The activity related to the Company’s restricted stock units (“RSUs”) consisted of (in thousands of shares):



		Time-Based RSUs				Performance-Based and Market-Based RSUs
		Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017 ^(a)		878		$	34.83	923		$	34.11
	Granted	915		35.32		572		35.21
	Vested ^(b)	(470	)	37.11		(146	)	36.55
	Forfeited/expired	(92	)	32.53		(304	)	38.73
Outstanding at September 30, 2017 ^(c)		1,231		$	34.50	1,045		$	33.03

__________


^(a)	Reflects the maximum number of stock units assuming achievement of all time-, performance- and market-vesting criteria and does not include those for non-employee directors. The weighted-average fair value of time-based RSUs, and performance-based and market-based RSUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $25.92 and $23.33, respectively.


^(b)	The total grant date fair value of RSUs vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $23 million and $27 million, respectively.

^(c)

The Company assumes 0.1 million of performance-based and market-based RSUs outstanding awards will vest over time with weighted average grate date fair value of $36.64. The Company’s outstanding time-based RSUs, and performance-based and market-based RSUs expected to vest had aggregate intrinsic values of $47 million and $4 million, respectively. Aggregate unrecognized compensation expense related to time-based RSUs, and performance-based and market-based RSUs amounted to $40 million and will be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 1.3 years.

The stock option activity consisted of (in thousands of shares):



		Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Outstanding at January 1, 2017		810		$	2.91	$	27	2.3
	Granted	—		—		—
	Exercised	(14	)	0.79		—
	Forfeited/expired	—		—		—
Outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2017		796		$	2.95	$	28	1.5

Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Currency Risk. The Company uses currency exchange contracts to manage its exposure to changes in currency exchange rates associated with certain of its non-U.S.-dollar denominated receivables and forecasted royalties, forecasted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries and forecasted non-U.S.-dollar denominated acquisitions. The Company primarily hedges a portion of its current-year currency exposure to the Australian, Canadian and New Zealand dollars, the euro and the British pound sterling. The majority of forward contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The fluctuations in the value of these forward contracts do, however, largely offset the impact of changes in the value of the underlying risk they economically hedge. Forward contracts used to hedge forecasted third-party receipts and disbursements up to 12 months are designated and do qualify as cash flow hedges. The Company has designated its euro-denominated notes as a hedge of its investment in euro-denominated foreign operations.

The amount of gains or losses reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings resulting from ineffectiveness or from excluding a component of the hedges’ gain or loss from the effectiveness calculation for cash flow and net investment hedges during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was not material, nor is the amount of gains or losses the Company expects to reclassify from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings over the next 12 months.

Interest Rate Risk. The Company uses various hedging strategies including interest rate swaps and interest rate caps to create what it deems an appropriate mix of fixed and floating rate assets and liabilities. The Company uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps to manage the risk related to its floating rate corporate debt and its floating rate vehicle-backed debt. The Company records the effective portion of changes in the fair value of its cash flow hedges to other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, and subsequently reclassifies these amounts into earnings in the period during which the hedged transaction is recognized. The Company records the gains or losses related to freestanding derivatives, which are not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes, in its consolidated results of operations. The changes in fair values of hedges that are determined to be ineffective are immediately reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings. The amount of gains or losses reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings resulting from ineffectiveness related to the Company’s cash flow hedges was not material during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The Company estimates that $2 million of losses currently recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will be recognized in earnings over the next 12 months.

The Company enters into derivative commodity contracts to manage its exposure in the U.S. to changes in the price of unleaded gasoline. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded within operating expenses.

The Company held derivative instruments with absolute notional values as follows:



	As of September 30, 2017
Interest rate caps ^(a)	$	11,035
Interest rate swaps	1,100
Foreign exchange contracts	887

Commodity contracts (millions of gallons of unleaded gasoline)	4

__________


^(a)	Represents $8.0 billion of interest rate caps sold, partially offset by approximately $3.0 billion of interest rate caps purchased. These amounts exclude $5.0 billion of interest rate caps purchased by the Company’s Avis Budget Rental Car Funding subsidiary as it is not consolidated by the Company.

Estimated fair values (Level 2) of derivative instruments were as follows:



		As of September 30, 2017				As of December 31, 2016
		Fair Value, Asset Derivatives		Fair Value, Liability Derivatives		Fair Value, Asset Derivatives		Fair Value, Liability Derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
	Interest rate swaps ^(a)	$	4	$	2	$	7	$	4

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
	Interest rate caps ^(b)	—		1		1		7
	Foreign exchange contracts ^(c)	7		10		7		2
	Total	$	11	$	13	$	15	$	13

__________

Amounts in this table exclude derivatives issued by Avis Budget Rental Car Funding; however, certain amounts related to the derivatives held by Avis Budget Rental Car Funding are included within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).


^(a)	Included in other non-current assets or other non-current liabilities.


^(b)	Included in assets under vehicle programs or liabilities under vehicle programs.


^(c)	Included in other current assets or other current liabilities.

The effects of derivatives recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements were as follows:



		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2017			2016			2017			2016
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments ^(a)
	Interest rate swaps	$	1		$	4		$	—		$	(4	)
	Euro-denominated notes	(13		)	(3		)	(44		)	(11		)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments ^(b)
	Interest rate caps^(c)	(1		)	—			(1		)	(1		)
	Foreign exchange contracts^(d)	(11		)	5			(44		)